Question of the Month Archives - Society for Pediatric Pain Medicine

Question of the Month – May 2025

A 7-year-old boy (24 kg) undergoes extensive bilateral lower-extremity orthopedic surgery. Epidural catheter placement under general anesthesia proves technically difficult, requiring several needle passes before a catheter is threaded. Twenty-four hours later he develops a bifrontal, throbbing headache with vomiting that is immediately relieved when supine and recurs on sitting or standing. Conservative therapy—including IV fluids, oral caffeine citrate, acetaminophen, ketorolac, and continuation of the local anesthetic infusion through the catheter—fails to provide durable relief. The parents are hesitant about further neuraxial procedures and ask whether any less-invasive options exist before proceeding to an epidural blood patch.

Which of the following interventions has documented success in children for aborting PDPH:

A. Bilateral greater-occipital-nerve blocks with 0.25 % bupivacaine

B. Intravenous cosyntropin (synthetic ACTH) 1 µg kg⁻¹ infused over 5 min

C. Trans-nasal sphenopalatine-ganglion (SPG) block using 4 % lidocaine-soaked applicator

D. Epidural saline bolus via the existing catheter

Correct! Wrong!

Question of the Month - May 2025

Question of the Month – April 2025

A 16‐year‐old patient undergoing an open laparotomy had a T12 epidural placed under standard sterile technique. Because the “loss‐of‐resistance” was not crisp and the resident expressed doubt about catheter placement. In addition to the usual epidural test dose of epinephrine, which of the following published methods can help confirm correct epidural catheter placement in pediatric patients?

Options:

A. Epidural Pressure Waveform Analysis

B. Electrical Stimulation (Tsui Test)

C. Fluoroscopic Guidance with Contrast Injection (Epidurography)

D. Ultrasound Confirmation

E. pH Testing of Aspirated Fluid

F. Combined Spinal-Epidural (CSE) Technique

a. A, B, and C

b. A, E, and F

c. B, C, and D

d. All of the above

Correct! Wrong!

Question of the Month - April 2025

Question of the Month – March 2025

Studies have shown that animal assisted therapy can be a beneficial part of multimodal management of many various symptoms, ranging from depression and anxiety to acute and chronic pain. Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) have been known to improve discomfort, stress, anxiety, and overall well-being in children and adults. In addition to subjective reports from patients, biomarkers have been used to investigate a positive response to AAI. All of the following objective measures have been utilized indicating a positive response to AAI except:

A. decreased respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure

B. increased oxytocin, endorphins, and serotonin

C. decrease cortisol levels

D. increase salivary alpha-amylase

Correct! Wrong!

Question of the Month - March 2025

Question of the Month – February 2025

An 8-year-old boy is brought to a local health post in rural Nepal by his parents with complaints of intense pain accompanied by swelling in his left wrist preceded by a fall on outstretched hand. The child is crying constantly and as per the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, he has a pain of “Hurts Worst”. The wrist has a dinner fork like appearance. There are no imaging facilities in the health post and neither anesthesia consults or services. The nearest hospital is over eight hours drive away. Given the limited resources, what is the best pain management approach until he is transported to a higher center?

A. Perform a closed reduction with hematoma block

B. Perform a closed reduction with procedural sedation and analgesia

C. Splint with available materials + NSAID

D. Do nothing and just transport the patient

Correct! Wrong!

Question of the Month - February 2025

Question of the Month – January 2025

A 30kg 8-year-old male with a history of Wilms tumor s/p right nephrectomy at age 5, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and burning chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) at right abdominal incision site with numbness, presents for an elective outpatient umbilical hernia repair. The patient had been requiring opioids and gabapentin for his pain until 8 months ago when it resolved. The anesthetic plan includes preoperative acetaminophen, a general anesthetic including 1mcg/kg fentanyl, and post-induction, pre-incision bilateral rectus sheath blocks with 0.6mL/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine with 1:200k epinephrine. Given the patient’s history, which of the following preoperative medications is best suited to decrease postoperative pain and nausea / vomiting?

A. Ketorolac

B. Ketamine

C. Tramadol

D. Gabapentin

Correct! Wrong!

Question of the Month - January 2025

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