The Children’s Hospitals Neonatal Consortium that care for infants with complex surgical problems participated in this collaborative. Centers were encouraged to adopt evidence-based interventions from the Clinical Practice Recommendations, which included pain assessment tools, pain score documentation, nonpharmacologic treatment measures, pain management guidelines, communication of a pain treatment plan, routine discussion of pain scores during team rounds, and parental involvement in pain management.

Results of this collaborative work can be found here: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/doi/10.1542/peds.2022-059860/192510/A-Multicenter-Collaborative-to-Improve